International study links air pollution to serious eye diseases

Scientists analyzed findings from 41 observational studies involving data from millions of people in the UK and East Asia. The researchers assessed exposure to fine particulate matter, including PM2.5 and PM10, as well as nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone and carbon monoxide.

The findings showed that people living in areas with higher levels of air pollution were 70% more likely to develop glaucoma than those living in areas with cleaner air. The strongest association was observed with PM2.5, tiny particles found in smoke, vehicle exhaust and industrial emissions.

Higher exposure to PM2.5 was associated with an approximately 8% increase in the risk of glaucoma and a 4% increase in the risk of cataracts. The findings regarding age-related macular degeneration were less conclusive.

The researchers suggest that long-term exposure to PM2.5 may promote inflammation and oxidative stress, potentially damaging the optic nerve and the eye’s lens. Continued exposure to polluted air may also damage the ocular surface.

A previous UK study found that people living in areas with higher air pollution levels were more likely to have a thinner retina, which is considered an early sign of glaucoma.